by Kraneshares
KraneShares Carbon Suite: Investing in the Global Carbon Allowance Markets info@kraneshares.com KRBN KCCA 9/30/2026
![]()
supported Principles for Responsible Investment (UN PRI). ERON BLOOMGARDEN CLIFI Sign up to our weekly carbon market blog www.climatemarketnow.com
![]()
emitting sectors Impact • Provides potential impact by supporting price discovery and liquidity in carbon markets 4 while counterbalancing a portfolio’s emissions exposure and energy transition/climate risk • Cap and trade supports fuel switching and capital directed toward innovation in renewable technology 4 Executive Summary 1. Data from Bloomberg and S&P Dow Jones Indices as of 12 /31/2025 . See slide 2 2 for supporting data. The performance data quoted represents past performance, and current returns may be higher or lower. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For additional performance and information, please see slide 2 5 . 2. European Commission, “What is the EU ETS?” retrieved 9/30/2026 . 3. Data from Bloomberg as of 12/31/2025. Based on the 5 largest carbon markets. (See slide 22). 4. International Swaps and Derivatives Association, “Role of Derivatives in Carbon Markets,” Sep 2021. Case for Carbon
![]()
Growing Institutional Interest & Research Coverage 4 CFA Institute Research & Policy Center Cambridge Associates Mark Lewis Climate Finance Partners (CLIFI) Over two decades of experience across energy, finance, and climate policy, previously serving as Head of Research and Portfolio Manager at Andurand Capital Management. RECENT BLOG POSTS
![]()
profit corporation Issuers are project developers. Oversight is provided by NGOs/independent verification entities. Market Size $900 billion 1 $1.4 billion 2 Project-based No Yes Credit Sale Purchased at auction or (if an entity qualifies) allocated for free Bought directly from project developers or broker/intermediary Compliance vs. Offset Carbon Credits 5 Source: International Carbon Action Partnershi p, retrieved 12/31/2025. 1. Data from Bloomberg as of 12/31/2025. Based on the 5 largest carbon markets. (See slide 22) . 2. MSCI, “Carbon Credits Come of Age in 2025,” January 6, 2026. Case for Carbon
![]()
standardized carbon reduction/removal projects collectively worth $1.4B. 2 Emissions Trading System: Capped Emissions (Compliance Market) Emissions Cap Where we are today* Actual Emissions Emission Target Allowance Deficit Allowance Surplus Where we are heading Compliance entity examples: Case for Carbon T ransparent Supply with Mandated Demand Mandatory participation for specified industries *KraneShares/ CliFi models show that 2027 is the year we see allowance surpluses going into deficit in certain defined markets. 1. Data from Bloomberg as of 12/31/2025. Based on the 5 largest carbon markets. (See slide 22). 2. MSCI, “Carbon Credits Come of Age in 2025,” January 6, 2026.
![]()
Global Expansion Updat e 7 Expansion of Carbon Pricing is Critical to Achieve Emissions Targets 70+ carbon pricing programs worldwide, covering ~25% of global emissions The share of global greenhouse gases (GHGs) under an ETS more than tripled since 2005 On ave rage, c arbon pro grams cover just 30% of a country’s total emissions at a price of $25/MtCO2e Case for Carbon Source: ICAP and Morgan Stanley, “ CBAM and the Path to a Global Carbon Price,” May 8, 2024. 20230926-3096986-9939554
![]()
Potential Benefits of Carbon Pricing Auction Revenue Fuel Switching Accelerating Innovation How carbon allowances can reduce emissions 8 CARBON ALLOWANCE COST Cost per unit of energy Cost per unit of energy Switch to natural gas Switch to solar / wind Continue switch to natural gas C oal→ N atural Gas → Re newables Energy Intensive Industries Renewable Technology Energy Storage Carbon Capture Use & Storage Fusion & Modular Nuclear Aviation Redesign Sustainable Communities & Clean Transportation Wetlands & Watershed Restoration Case for Carbon Modernization Fund International Carbon Action Partnership, “ U se of Revenues from Emissions Trading,” retrieved 9/30/2026.
![]()
carbonization Case for Carbon High Cost Decarbonization Low Cost Decarbonization
![]()
Annual Traded Volume (2025) $782.1B $57.5B $53.4B $11.8B $2.2B Total Revenue (Cumulative 2024) $206.0B $27.0B $18.7B $7.1B $2B Market Comparisons Source: International Carbon Action Partnershi p, retrieved 9/30/2026.
![]()
size threshold for installations • Linkage with UK ETS • EU ETS2 in 2028
![]()
2030 Market Stability Reserve (MSR) implemented in Jan 2019
![]()
looking scenarios/forecasts are hypothetical and not guarantees of future results. Actual prices may differ significantly due to market and regulatory risks. Return to TighteningUkraine Invasion/ REPowerEU Policy Tightening SupplyCOVID Vol Return to Tightening Ukraine Invasion/ REPowerEU Policy Tightening Supply COVID Vol MSR Implementation MSR Implementation Supply Imbalance Drives Prices – EU’s New Tightening Phase -400 100 600 1100 1600 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Annual surplus/(deficit) Total emissions System TNAC (incl. Aviation) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Price (EUR
![]()
looking scenarios/forecasts are hypothetical and not guarantees of future results. Actual prices may differ significantl y due to market and regulatory risks.
![]()
supported levels. 15 California Cap and Invest Technical price decline April 23 CARB workshop May 31 CARB workshop, reform timeline released June option play July workshop announcement Jul 10 CARB workshop CARB releases policy notice US Election concerns Wildfires start Rajinder: release of ISOR not imminent CARB updates website with ambiguous timing of ISOR Executive order targeting state climate policy Newsom joint PR to extend program EO review period ends, no action taken CA legislature passes long-awaited extension to 2045 bill Newsom signs bill Oct 29 CARB workshop Alpha Inception rumor ISOR released, starts 45-day comment period Modified 15-day ISOR released Rulemaking passes Board vote at 2-day meeting OAL approves reform & submits to Secretary of State Sep 1 Effective date Q3 auction comes in low as anticipated First sub-$30 auction in 2 years Q2 auction clears at the floor Q3 auction clears 11% higher Weaker Q4 auction, muted response 20 25 30 35 40 45 Price (USD) California Carbon Historical Price CCA Dec Futures Auction Reserve Price Auction Settlement
![]()
refining industries Industrial free allocations Utility allocations (California Climate Credit) Source: CARB as of 6/16/2026. California Cap and Invest
![]()
invest market price structure Data from Bloomberg, CARB, KraneShares as of 9/30 /2026. Reserve and tier prices are based on the market’s 5% plus inflation annual step up, using Deloitte inflation projectio ns.
term current price California Cap and Invest 17 Path to Tier 1 at Deficit
![]()
looking scenarios/forecasts are hypothetical and not guarantees of future results. Actual prices may differ significantl y due to market and regulatory risks. UK & RGGI 18 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Carbon Allowances, MtCO2e UKA Supply / Demand Balance of Allowances Annual Net Supply / Demand UK ETS Cap Cumulative Surplus -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Carbon Allowances, MtCO2e RGGI Supply / Demand Balance of Allowances Annual Net Supply / Demand RGGI Cap Cumulative Surplus -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Carbon Allowances, MtCO2e Washington Supply / Demand Balance of Allowances Annual Net Supply / Demand WA ETS Cap Cumulative Surplus
![]()
entry into RGGI 11.48M allowance cap for H2 2026 5 $827M Revenue from prior membership 6 629 Planned Data Centers1
RGGI 1. Data Center Map, retrieved 6/24/2026 2. Data from Bloomberg as of 6/15/2026. 3. BNEF, AI Demand Bets Fuel Record US Carbon Price Gap, 6/8/2026. 4. NPR, “Virginia's business reputation at the center of state budget impasse,” June 10, 2026. Based on total in 2025. 5. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, “Carbon Trading,” retrieved 9/30/2026. 6. WHRO, “Virginia's return to Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative picks up steam,” February 27, 2026
![]()
2026 are hypothetical and not guarantees of future results. Actual prices may differ significantly due to market and regulatory risks. (Quarterly) RGGI
![]()
European Union Allowance (EUA) 60% California Carbon Allowance (CCA) 25% Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) 5% UK Allowance (UKA) 5% Washington Carbon Allowance (WCA) 5% S&P Global Carbon Credit Index Weighting 2
![]()
9/30/2026 .* Carbon allowances: top five carbon allowance markets (weighted by volume) versus major asset classes. See end of presentation fo r material differences between asset types and definitions; Equities: S&P 500 ; Bonds: The Agg ; Commodities: The S&P GSCI ; Real Estate: MSCI US REIT Index; Gold: LBMA Gold Price PM, Oil; S&P GSCI Crude Oil Index. Index returns are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual Fund performance. Index returns do not reflect any management fees, transaction costs or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance does not guarantee future results. 2. Source: CLIFI and ICE as of 12/31/2025. Portfolio Impact 22 Performance Comparison 1.4% 1.4% 1.7% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 4.7% 6.1% 2.0% 1.4% 1.4% 1.7% 2.2% 2.8% 1.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.5% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Recent Contango Trends (net of carry) 2
0.014 1 WCA 0.127 0.118 0.087 0.085 1 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Jul/14 Nov/14 Mar/15 Jul/15 Nov/15 Mar/16 Jul/16 Nov/16 Mar/17 Jul/17 Nov/17 Mar/18 Jul/18 Nov/18 Mar/19 Jul/19 Nov/19 Mar/20 Jul/20 Nov/20 Mar/21 Jul/21 Nov/21 Mar/22 Jul/22 Nov/22 Mar/23 Jul/23 Nov/23 Mar/24 Jul/24 Nov/24 Mar/25 Jul/25 Nov/25 Mar/26 Jul/26 Carbon allowances* Equities Bonds Commodities Real Estate
![]()
0.07 100% Stocks 13.94% 14.74% 0.82 100% Carbon 17.95% 26.66% 0.67 60% Stocks, 40% Bonds 9.10% 9.71% 0.73 60% Stocks, 30% Bonds, 10% Carbon 11.02% 10.56% 1.04 50% Stocks, 30% Bonds, 20% Commodities 8.16% 10.20% 0.82 80% Stocks, 20% Carbon 15.35% 14.36% 1.06 Data from Bloomberg and S&P Dow Jones Indices as of 9/30/2026. * Carbon allowances: see end of presentation for material differences between asset types and definitions; Equities: S&P 500 ; Bonds: The Agg; Commodities: The S&P GSCI. Index returns are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual Fund performance. Index returns do not reflect any management fees, transaction costs or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. The above chart is purely hypothetical and is not meant to inform any investment decision. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Portfolio Impact Allocating as little as 10% may yield risk-adjusted performance benefits Portfolio Impact 100% Stocks 60% Stocks, 40% Bonds 100% Bonds 60% Stocks, 30% Bonds, 10% Carbon 50% Stocks, 30% Bonds, 20% Comdty 80% Stocks, 20% Carbon 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% Annualized return Annualized volatility KRBN Efficient Frontier (Aug 31, 2014 – Sep 30, 2026) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% Return Volatility Blended Portfolios Return and Volatility (Aug 31, 2014 – Sep 30, 2026) 10% Carbon Blended Stocks/ Bonds 10% Comdty
![]()
Growing Asset Class Standard, Liquid Market ~$1Tin Traded Volume Potential Inflation Hedge
![]()
4.38% 161.19% 5.89% 2.94% 5.17% 16.82% The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investor ' s shares, when sold or redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost and current performance may be lower or higher than the performance quoted. For performance data current to the most recent month end, please visit www.kraneshares.com/krbn. Closing Price returns use the official ETF closing price or, if unavailable, the NBBO midpoint when NAV is calculated, and ma y d iffer from returns received at other trading times. NAVs use prices as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. See page 46 for additional information. Diversification does not ensure a profit or guarantee against a loss . Index returns are for illustrative purposes only. Index performance returns do not reflect any management fees, transaction costs or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. KRBN 25
![]()
2.39% 137,834,067 100 %
![]()
Conviction Exposure KBUF 90% KWEB Defined Outcome 100% KWEB Defined Outcome KPRO Alternative Income KCCA California Carbon Allowance Extensive ETF Product Suite Spanning High Growth Sectors Strategy also available in UCITS / ETC KBDU 2X Long BIDU Daily California Carbon Allowance GBP Hedged KCCP
![]()
Part II: Deep Dive into the Carbon Allowance Markets info@kraneshares.com 28
![]()
carbon energy sources — will be funded partially from the frontloading of auction allowances. This approach introduces a supply of additional allowances now but results in a steeper tightening in the future • Establishment of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) puts tariff on goods imported into EU to account for carbon leakage. See case study at end of presentation for more details EU ETS
![]()
Market Stability Reserve (MSR) TNAC 1,023.5 MtCO2e (2025) Total number of allowances in circulation (TNAC). The Commission publishes the TNAC in June each year. Current Thresholds TNAC > 1096 MtCO2e 24% (12% beyond 2023) of its volume is withdrawn from future auctions and placed into the reserve over a period of 12 months 833 < TNAC < 1,096 MtC02e The difference between TNAC and 833 Mtco2e is withdrawn from future auctions and placed into the reserve over a period of 12 months. TNAC < 400 MtCO2e 100 million allowances are taken from the reserve and injected into the market through auctions Cancellation Provision 400 MtCO2e Maximum holding limit in MSR. The provision started in 2024 to remove excess allowances. Market Stability Reserve (MSR) In 2019, EU introduced the MSR to address the current allowance surplus , and to improve the market’s resilience to future shocks. Note, Swiss allowance supply is not considered in the TNAC, and Swiss auction quotas are not affected by the MSR. Source: International Carbon Action Partnership, “EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Factsheet,” retrieved 9/30/2026. 30 EU ETS Market Top Buyers Company name Total Covered Emissions % of Annual Cap Bełchatów (PGE GiEK) 27,200,000 2.24% Neurath (RWE) 13,400,000 1.11 % Jänschwalde (LEAG) 12,100,000 1.00 % Niederaußem (RWE) 11,800,000 0.97 % Weisweiler (RWE) 10,300,000 0.85 % Kozienice (ENEA) 9,100,000 0.75 % Turów (PGE GiEK) 8,200,000 0.68 % Schwarze Pumpe (LEAG) 2,100,000 0.67% Boxberg Werk IV (LEAG) 8,000,000 0.66% Opole (PGE GiEK) 7,300,000 0.60% Boxberg Werk III (LEAG) 5,800,000 0.48% Lippendorf (LEAG) 5,700,000 0.47% TPP Maritsa East 2 5,100,000 0.42% Połaniec (ENEA) 4,800,000 0.40% Knippegroen (ENGIE/Electrabel) 4,600,000 0.38% Source: EEA ETC/CM Report 2025/06 EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) EU ETS
![]()